State V Booker
[Cite as State v. Booker, 2025-Ohio-2595.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 114521
v. :
SHERITA Q. BOOKER, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 24, 2025
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-24-688564-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Mikayla Ortiz, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Cullen Sweeney, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
Francis Cavallo, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J.:
Defendant-appellant Sherita Q. Booker (“Booker”) appeals her
convictions for having a weapon while under disability (“HWWUD”) and improperly
handling a firearm in a motor vehicle. She raises the following assignments of error
for review:
Assignment of Error I: There was insufficient evidence produced
at trial to support a finding of guilt on all counts.
Assignment of Error II: The trial court sitting as fact-finder lost its
way by finding the defendant guilty against the manifest weight of the
evidence.
For the reasons set forth below, we affirm Booker’s convictions.
I. Facts and Procedural History
The matter before us is a reindicted case in which Booker was charged
with HWWUD and improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle resulting from
a traffic stop in Middleburg Heights on May 28, 2022.1 The following evidence was
presented at a bench trial.
Middleburg Heights police officer Nicholas Spronz (“Officer Spronz”)
testified that on May 28, 2022, around 9:00 p.m., he conducted a traffic stop on the
entrance ramp to Interstate-71 from Bagley Road. He observed Booker, who was
driving an Audi SUV, run a red light on Bagley Road. Officer Spronz was wearing
his body camera at the time, and video of the traffic stop was played for the court.
In the video, Officer Spronz can be observed approaching the Audi SUV and asking
Booker for her driver’s license and proof of insurance. Booker handed Officer
Spronz her license, showed him her proof of insurance, and told Officer Spronz that
the car was a private rental. Officer Spronz testified that Booker’s license check
1 Both Counts 1 and 2 included a forfeiture-of-a-weapon specification.
came back as suspended. As a result, Officer Spronz could not allow Booker to drive
the vehicle home and asked her to exit it so it could be towed. According to Officer
Spronz, officers typically do an inventory of the vehicle prior to the tow.
In the video, Officer Spronz can then be observed asking Booker, who
was standing at the side of the road at this point, if there was anything on her person
or in the car he should know about before allowing Booker to get her cell phone.
Booker replied, “[M]y husband’s gun is in there and I meant to take it out.” (State’s
exhibit No. 3.) Booker then said that the gun “is in the glove compartment” and “it
actually [belongs] to my stepfather, it’s his gun.” (State’s exhibit No. 3.) Booker said
that the glove compartment was “locked” and she also had some marijuana in the
car. (State’s exhibit No. 3.) However, Booker can then be observed opening the
glove compartment without using a key showing Officer Spronz where the firearm
was located. Officer Spronz can be observed removing the cartridge, which
appeared to be loaded and removing a bullet from the chamber. Officer Spronz
testified that Booker would have been able to reach the firearm from the driver’s
seat. The firearm was determined to be loaded and was later tested and found to be
operable.2
Booker and her stepfather Curtis Watkins (“Watkins”) testified for
the defense. Watkins testified that he borrowed Booker’s car the night of the
incident. According to Watkins, the gun that was found in the SUV was his. On the
2 The parties stipulated that Booker had prior conviction for drug possession that
disabled her from having a firearm.
day in question, Watkins testified that around 7:30 p.m. he drove Booker’s vehicle
to the store and placed the gun in the glove compartment. Afterwards, he came back
home and returned the vehicle back to Booker, forgetting that his firearm was still
in the glove compartment. Approximately 30 minutes later, he realized that he did
not have his gun. Watkins called Booker and told her that he left his firearm in the
glove compartment. Booker told him that she was going to bring it back to him.
Booker testified that on the day in question she gave Watkins her keys
so he could go to the store. When Watkins returned home, he returned the keys to
her. Booker left at that point to return to the hotel room she was renting. She
stopped at the gas station on her way to the hotel room. Booker acknowledged that
she knew the gun was in the glove compartment once Watkins contacted her around
8:15-8:30 p.m., and that she was not allowed to have a gun. Watkins told her “the
gun is in the car, I forgot to take it out of the glove compartment; when you get a
chance, bring it back.” (Tr. 60.) Booker told him that she would call him back but
she “never made it to the hotel room for [her to even] call [Watkins] and say come
and get [your] gun.” (Tr. 60.) Approximately an hour later, Booker was pulled over
for running the red light. According to Booker, she did not know her driver’s license
was suspended because she was “renting a car and in order for you to rent these cars
your license [has] to be valid.” (Tr. 53.)
Following the conclusion of trial, the court found Booker guilty of
both counts, ordered her to forfeit the gun, and sentenced her to a total of two years
of community-control sanctions.
It is from this order that Booker appeals, raising two assignments of
error for review.
II. Law and Analysis
A. Sufficiency of the Evidence
The test for sufficiency requires a determination of whether the
prosecution met its burden of production at trial. State v. Bowden, 2009-Ohio-
3598, ¶ 12 (8th Dist.). An appellate court’s function when reviewing sufficiency is to
determine “‘whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.’” State v. Leonard, 2004-Ohio-6235, ¶ 77,
quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.
With a sufficiency inquiry, an appellate court does not review whether
the State’s evidence is to be believed but whether, if believed, the evidence admitted
at trial supported the conviction. State v. Starks, 2009-Ohio-3375, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.),
citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997). A sufficiency-of-the-
evidence argument is not a factual determination, but a question of law. Thompkins
at 386.
In State v. Jones, 2021-Ohio-3311, the Ohio Supreme Court
cautioned:
But it is worth remembering what is not part of the court’s role when
conducting a sufficiency review. It falls to the trier of fact to ‘“resolve
conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw
reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.’” [State v.
McFarland, 162 Ohio St.3d 36, 2020-Ohio-3343, 164 N.E.3d 316,
¶ 24], quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61
L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). Thus, an appellate court’s role is limited. It does
not ask whether the evidence should be believed or assess the
evidence’s “credibility or effect in inducing belief.” State v. Richardson,
150 Ohio St.3d 554, 2016-Ohio-8448, 84 N.E.3d 993, ¶ 13, citing
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 386, 678 N.E.2d 541. Instead, it asks
whether the evidence against a defendant, if believed, supports the
conviction. Thompkins at 390 (Cook, J., concurring).
Id. at ¶ 16.
In the first assignment of error, Booker argues there was insufficient
evidence to support her convictions for HWWUD and improperly handling a firearm
in a motor vehicle. She contends that the State’s own witnesses failed to establish
the fundamental elements of the crimes charged.
In order to convict Booker of HWWUD, the State was required to
present evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Booker “knowingly acquire[d],
ha[d], carr[ied], or use[d] any firearm or dangerous ordnance, if . . . [Booker] . . . has
been convicted of any felony offense involving the illegal possession, use, sale,
administration, distribution, or trafficking in any drug of abuse[.]” R.C.
2923.13(A)(3). To convict Booker of improperly handling a firearm in a motor
vehicle, the State was required to present evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that
Booker “knowingly transport[ed] or ha[d] a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle in
such a manner that the firearm is accessible to the operator or any passenger without
leaving the vehicle.” R.C. 2923.16(B).
Booker argues the evidence was insufficient because of the absence of
the following: (1) “knowledge” — essentially she claims that she did not have “actual
knowledge” of the gun, but rather assumed it was in the glove compartment of the
vehicle because she never physically opened the glove compartment to check for it
after Watkins told her that he left it in the car; (2) “dominion and control” — Booker
claims that she never had possession of the gun because she never physically
handled it; and (3) “ready at hand” — Booker asserts that the gun was not “ready at
hand” or conveniently accessible. The State counters that (1) the Ohio Revised Code
does not require “actual knowledge” and that knowledge of a fact can be based on
the circumstances surrounding the situation; (2) Booker had constructive
possession over the gun, and as the driver of the vehicle, the gun was within arm’s
reach and in her control; and finally (3) “ready at hand” is not a requirement under
statute. We find the State’s arguments more persuasive.
1. Knowledge
A person acts knowingly
when the person is aware that the person’s conduct will probably cause
a certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has
knowledge of circumstances when the person is aware that such
circumstances probably exist. When knowledge of the existence of a
particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge is
established if a person subjectively believes that there is a high
probability of its existence and fails to make inquiry or acts with a
conscious purpose to avoid learning the fact.
R.C. 2901.22(B).
Booker argues she did not genuinely know that there was a gun in the
car because she never confirmed if the gun was actually in the glove compartment
by opening it to verify what Watkins told her. Instead, she claims she took Watkins’s
words at face value, assumed there was a gun, and relayed that information to the
police.
Contrary to Booker’s assertions, “actual knowledge” is not required.
R.C. 2901.22(B) states that knowledge of a fact can be based on circumstances and
knowledge can be established “if a person subjectively believes that there is a high
probability of its existence and fails to make inquiry or acts with a conscious purpose
to avoid learning the fact.” R.C. 2901.22(B). This is precisely what the evidence
demonstrates in the matter before us.
Watkins called Booker around 8 p.m. and told her that he accidentally
left his gun in the glove compartment of her vehicle. The moment Watkins told
Booker is the moment she had knowledge of the gun in the glove compartment. She
did not need to verify if the firearm was actually in her vehicle. Booker’s own
testimony confirms that she believed that the firearm was in the glove compartment
when Watkins called her. Booker testified:
[STATE]: So you knew the gun was in the glove compartment –
[BOOKER]: When he contacted me, yes.
(Tr. 59.) Booker further testified:
[STATE]: So you’re at the gas station and you chose to get back in the
car knowing the gun was in the glove compartment?
[BOOKER]: Yes, because I had to get home.
(Tr. 61.)
Additionally, the body-camera video demonstrates Booker’s
knowledge of the gun. When asked by Officer Spronz if there was anything on her
person or in the car he should know about before allowing Booker to get her cell
phone, Booker replied, “[M]y husband’s gun is in there and I meant to take it out.”
(State’s exhibit No. 3.) Booker then said that the gun “is in the glove compartment”
and “it actually [belongs] to my stepfather, it’s his gun.” (State’s exhibit No. 3.) In
the video, Booker said that the glove compartment was “locked” and can then be
observed opening the glove compartment by only pressing a button and showing the
officer where the firearm was located.
It is clear from Booker’s own words and actions that she had
knowledge of the gun in her vehicle.
2. Dominion and Control
Booker next argues the State failed to introduce any evidence that she
actually exercised any dominion or control over the gun itself. In support of her
argument, she cites to two cases — State v. Duganitz, 76 Ohio App.3d 363 (8th Dist.
1991), and State v. Hardy, 60 Ohio App.2d 325 (8th Dist. 1978) — for the
proposition that the evidence in the instant case was insufficient to demonstrate that
she exercised dominion and control over the gun.
In Duganitz, the appellant, who was the driver of a vehicle, was
convicted of carrying a concealed weapon. After a traffic stop, the police found a gun
in the car, under a blanket between the driver’s and passenger’s seat. On appeal,
this court reversed the conviction, finding that
the record does not contain any direct evidence of Duganitz’s
ownership, possession, or control of the weapon. The extent of the
circumstantial evidence, in this case, is first that the appellant exited
the car quickly. The appellant was the driver of the car. He allegedly
made a statement that he was in the area to buy some crack cocaine.
The time was approximately five o’clock a.m. The appellant also denied
ownership of the weapon. The weapon was found in a place in the car
accessible to both the appellant and passenger.
Id. at 369-370.
In reaching its decision, the Duganitz Court relied on Hardy. In
Hardy, the appellant was convicted of HWWUD. The appellant was an employee at
a beverage store, who was approached by another employee. This employee claimed
that he needed money for rent. The appellant informed the employee that he would
give him an advance at the end of the day. Thereafter, an altercation between the
two of them ensued that resulted in the appellant picking up a rifle located in the
corner and wounding the employee. On appeal, the Hardy Court found that
appellant did not “have” the weapon prior to the point when he grabbed it. This
court reasoned that
[i]n order to “have” a firearm, one must either actually or
constructively possess it. Actual possession requires ownership and,
or, physical control. Constructive possession may be achieved by
means of an agent.
The facts in the case at bar demonstrate only that appellant, along with
other employees, had knowledge of and physical access to a loaded rifle.
The record fails to disclose any evidence demonstrating that appellant
ever exercised dominion or the sort of control over the weapon that
comes with ownership or actual possession. Nor was there a showing
that the unidentified owner had ever given appellant permission to use
the weapon.
(Emphasis in original.) Id. at 327.
In footnote 3, the Hardy Court expounded on its rationale, stating:
The record does not contain any direct evidence of ownership,
possession or control of the weapon by the appellant. The extent of the
circumstantial evidence is contained in a statement made by appellant
to the police in which he admitted knowledge that the rifle was “always
ready to fire.” This evidence, however, is insufficient on which to base
a finding that the weapon was actually or constructively possessed by
the appellant. There are other reasonable explanations for knowledge
concerning the readiness of the rifle for firing; e.g., he could have been
informed of this fact by the store owner, or he may have seen the owner
or other employees use the weapon.
It may well be that if further evidence had been adduced, the prosecutor
could have developed a case establishing that appellant “had” the
weapon. However, with the record in this posture, such a conclusion is
not the only reasonable inference which could be drawn.
Id.
We find these cases distinguishable. Unlike in Duganitz and Hardy,
there is sufficient evidence in this case to find that Booker had constructive
possession of the gun. Constructive possession may be established by
demonstrating that
the defendant was able to exercise dominion or control over the items,
even though the items may not be within the defendant’s immediate
physical possession. State v. Wolery (1976), 46 Ohio St.2d 316, 348
N.E.2d 351; see, also, State v. Brown, 8th Dist. No. 87932, 2007 Ohio
527, ¶ 7, citing State v. Hankerson (1982), 70 Ohio St.2d 87, 434 N.E.2d
1362, syllabus; State v. Messer (1995), 107 Ohio App.3d 51, 56, 667
N.E.2d 1022. Constructive possession may also be inferred when a
person has dominion or control over the premises upon which the
object in question is found and knows that the object is on those
premises. State v. Scalf (1998), 126 Ohio App. 3d 614, 710 N.E.2d 1206.
Further, a person may knowingly possess or control property belonging
to another; the state need not establish ownership to prove constructive
possession. See State v. Robinson, 8th Dist. No. 90751, 2008-Ohio-
5580.
Moreover, circumstantial evidence alone is sufficient to support a
finding of constructive possession. State v. Mason (July 5, 2001), 8th
Dist. No. 78606, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 3019, citing Jenks, supra.
State v. Bray, 2009-Ohio-6461, ¶ 23-24 (8th Dist.); see State v. Long, 2005-Ohio-
5344, ¶ 17 (8th Dist.)(“Ohio courts have routinely held that constructive possession
can be established by the fact that a defendant had access to a weapon and had the
ability to control its use.”), citing State v. Thomas, 1996 Ohio App. LEXIS 4545 (11th
Dist. Oct. 11, 1996); State v. Williams, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 4467 (10th Dist. Sept.
30, 1997); State v. Wolery, 46 Ohio St.2d 316 (1976) (holding that physical
possession or ownership of the weapon is not necessary, and mere access to a
weapon can establish guilt). Moreover, whether a person “knowingly acquired, had,
carried, or used any firearm or dangerous ordnance ‘is to be determined from all the
attendant facts and circumstances available.’” Bray at ¶ 21, quoting State v. Teamer,
82 Ohio St.3d 490, 492 (1998).
After applying these standards, the facts establish that Booker had
constructive possession of the gun found in the car she was driving. Contrary to
Booker’s assertions, her own testimony establishes that she knew that the gun was
in the glove compartment of the car. In addition, Officer Spronz’s testimony
established that the gun was easily accessible from the driver’s seat. Although
Booker stated that the glove compartment was locked, according to Officer Spronz,
the glove compartment opened with the touch of a button on the dashboard and
Booker would have been able to reach the gun “[f]rom the driver’s seat[.]” (Tr. 28.)
Taking all of these circumstances into account: (1) Booker knew the
gun was in the vehicle after Watkins called her; (2) that the glove compartment was
within arm’s reach; and (3) the gun was easily accessible through the touch of a
button, Booker exercised dominion and control over the gun and had constructive
possession of it.
3. Ready at Hand
Lastly, Booker argues that the gun was not “ready at hand” because
the gun was in the glove compartment, which required pressing a button on the
dashboard. In support of her argument, Booker relies on State v. Miller, 2003-
Ohio-6239 (2d Dist.) “Ready at hand,” however, is not a requirement under either
statute, and the Miller case Booker cites involves elements for a completely different
offense — carrying a concealed weapon. Therefore, we find Booker’s arguments
regarding “ready at hand” misplaced.
When viewing the foregoing evidence in a light most favorable to the
State, any rational trier of fact could have found that Booker knew of the gun and
had constructive possession of the gun, which was found in her glove compartment.
The evidence admitted at trial, if believed, supported her convictions for HWWUD
and improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle.
Therefore, the first assignment of error is overruled.
B. Manifest Weight of the Evidence
In the second assignment of error, Booker argues the trial court lost
its way because she made the decision to refrain from even touching the gun in the
glove compartment, much less exercising any dominion over it.
In contrast to a challenge based on sufficiency of the evidence, a
manifest-weight challenge attacks the credibility of the evidence presented and
questions whether the State met its burden of persuasion at trial. State v. Whitsett,
2014-Ohio-4933, ¶ 26 (8th Dist.), citing Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380; Bowden,
2009-Ohio-3598, ¶ 13 (8th Dist.).
In our manifest-weight review of a bench trial verdict, we recognize
that the trial court is serving as the factfinder, and not a jury:
Accordingly, to warrant reversal from a bench trial under a manifest
weight of the evidence claim, this court must review the entire record,
weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the
credibility of witnesses and determine whether in resolving conflicts in
evidence, the trial court clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be reversed and a new
trial ordered. State v. Bell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106842, 2019-Ohio-
340, ¶ 41 citing State v. Strickland, 183 Ohio App.3d 602, 2009-Ohio-
3906, 918 N.E.2d 170, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.). See also State v. Kessler, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93340, 2010-Ohio-2094, ¶ 13.
State v. Crenshaw, 2020-Ohio-4922, ¶ 22-24 (8th Dist.).
Neverthelss, a conviction should be reversed as against the manifest
weight of the evidence only in the most “exceptional case in which the evidence
weighs heavily against the conviction.” Thompkins at 387.
This is not the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction. The trial court, as the factfinder, heard Booker’s own
testimony that she knew the gun was in the glove compartment, heard Officer
Spronz’s testimony that the gun was easily accessible, observed the traffic stop from
Officer Spronz’s body-camera footage, and found Booker guilty of both counts. We
cannot say that the trial court lost its way.
Therefore, the second assignment of error is overruled.
Accordingly, judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s
conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case
remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_____________________________
MARY J. BOYLE, PRESIDING JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR