Chopen Tuj De Izquier V Bondi
NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 23 2025
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LOURDES CHOPEN-TUJ DE No. 24-1427
IZQUIER; CRISTIAN LEONEL- Agency Nos.
FRANCISCO TXQUIER-CHOPEN, A203-577-911
A203-577-912
Petitioners,
v. MEMORANDUM*
PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted July 14, 2025**
Before: HAWKINS, S.R. THOMAS, and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges.
Lourdes Catarina Chopen-Tuj de Izquier (“Izquier”) petitions for review of
the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the Immigration
Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her claims for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We review the agency’s factual
findings for substantial evidence, Parussimova v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 734, 742 (9th
Cir. 2009), and we deny the petition.
To be eligible for asylum, Izquier must establish a well-founded fear of
persecution on account of a protected ground. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(a). Izquier
claimed unknown individuals extorted her and threatened to kill her child if she did
not pay and also asserted that her father-in-law had been kidnapped and murdered
years earlier in 2013. She claims fear of harm based on the particular social groups
of (1) “women in Guatemala” or (2) members of her family. However, even
assuming these were cognizable social groups, there is no evidence she was targeted
on these bases. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that the
motivation for the threats was economic gain. INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478,
481 & n.1 (1992). A general fear of violence is not a cognizable ground for asylum
or withholding. See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010). Izquier
thus failed to establish a nexus between any alleged harm and a protected ground. As
there was no evidence of a protected motive, it was unnecessary for the agency to
conduct a mixed-motives analysis. See Rodriguez-Zuniga v. Garland, 69 F.4th
1012, 1018 (9th Cir. 2023).
The BIA also alternatively agreed with the IJ’s determination that the threats
Izquier received did not rise to the level of past persecution, and that she did not
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have an objectively reasonable fear of future persecution, and the record does not
compel a contrary conclusion. As such, Izquier did not establish eligibility for
asylum or the higher burden of proof for withholding of removal. Mansour v.
Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 667, 673 (9th Cir. 2004).
Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s conclusion that Izquier did
not qualify for protection under CAT. She has not demonstrated that it is more likely
than not she would be subject to torture if returned to Guatemala, or that the
government would consent or acquiesce in such torture. Mairena v. Barr, 917 F.3d
1119, 1126 (9th Cir. 2019).
PETITION DENIED.
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